http://www.esafety.cn/blog/wll/66030/index.html

案例分析(6)

作者[孙锡云] 发表于[2012-9-8 18:06:00]

案例分析(6

 

1996717,某有机化工厂乌洛托品车间因原料不足停产。经公司领导同意,厂部研究决定借停产之机进行粗甲醇直接加工甲醛的技术改造。

7301530分左右,在精甲醇计量槽溢流管上安装阀门。精甲醇计量槽(直径3.5m、高4m、厚8mm)内存甲醇10.5t,约占槽体容积的三分之二。当时,距溢流管左侧0.6m处有一根进料管,上端与计量槽上部空间相连,连接法兰没有盲板,下端距地面40cm处进料阀门被拆除,该管敞门与大气相通。在当时350气温条件下,槽内甲醇挥发与空气汇流,形成爆炸混合物。

当职工对溢流管阀门连接法兰与溢流管对接管口(距进料管敞口上方1.5m)进行焊接时,电火花四溅,掉落在进料管敞口处,引燃了甲醇计量槽内的爆炸物。随着一声巨响,计量槽槽体与槽底分开,槽体腾空《起,落在正西方80m,槽顶一侧陷入地下1.2m。槽内甲醇四溅,形成一片大火,火焰高达15m。两名焊工当场因爆炸、灼烧致死,在场另有1名职工被送往医院,其中6人抢救无效死亡。在现场救火过程中,一个泡沫灭火器因底部锈蚀严重而发生爆炸,灭火器筒体击中使用者下颌部致死。整个事故共造成9人死亡,5人受伤。

 

试分析事故发生的原因。

 

答案:

原因分析:

这是一起违章指挥、违章作业造成的重大死亡事故。在进行焊接作业前,没有与甲醉计量槽完全隔绝,进料敞,与大气相通造成空气汇流,达到爆炸极限。有机化工厂属于易燃易爆区域,为一级动欠,但没有执行有关动火规定进行电焊作业,电焊火花引燃进料管,的爆炸混合物,是造成事故的直接原因。溢流管上下两头都是法兰螺栓连接,若把两头螺丝卸下,完全可以避免事故的发生。

安全管理混乱是造成事故的主要原因。在甲醇技术改造项目中,没有施工技术方案和相应的安全技术措施;没有执行一级动火项目规定,擅自下放动火批准权限,动火管理失控;焊接现场没有组织监护措施。

领导安全意识淡薄是造成事故的重要原因。该有机化工厂没有按化工行业有关规定设安全科室和专职安全管理人员,安全措施不落实;没有按规定对职工进行教育培训,职工安全素质差,缺乏安全知识。

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原创

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原创

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