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“十恶不赦”指哪些? | 2012-10-2 9:00:00

十恶不赦,常用来形容恶贯满盈、罪无可恕之人。那其中的十恶指的是什么呢?有不少人以为是吃喝嫖赌抽,坑蒙拐骗偷,大错特错了。

在现代汉语中,成语十恶不赦中的十恶并非实指,而是泛指重大的罪行。但是,在我国古代的刑罚律令中,十恶不赦中的十恶却是实有所指的。

十恶,最初佛教中的一个用语,指十种当招致地狱、饿鬼和畜生这三恶道苦报的恶业,故又称十恶业道十恶作为古代刑法中的罪名,最早出现在《齐律》(由北齐尚书令、赵郡王等撰写)中,当时称为重罪十条。《齐律》曰:列重罪十条:一曰反逆,二曰大逆,三曰叛,四曰降,五曰恶逆,六曰不道,七曰不敬,八曰不孝,九曰不义,十曰内乱。其犯此十者,不在八议论赎之限。(八议制度也是《齐律》首创的被后世广泛借鉴的律令之一,是专门为封建特权人物犯罪减免处罚的法律规定。《齐律》明文规定:犯重罪十条者,不在八议论赎之限。)

重罪十条把以上十条罪行称为十恶,并且规定绝不赦免,到了隋唐,经过隋代《开皇律》与唐代《唐律疏议》对之的进一步的修订,就正式形成了十恶不赦的罪名说法。它的主要内容有:

1、谋反。指企图推翻朝政。这历来都被视为十恶之首。

2、谋大逆。指毁坏皇室的宗庙、陵墓和宫殿。

3、谋叛。指背叛朝廷。

4、恶逆。指殴打和谋杀祖父母、父母、伯叔等尊长。

5、不道。指杀一家非死罪3人及肢解人。

6、大不敬。指冒犯帝室尊严。通常为偷盗皇帝祭祀的器具和皇帝的日常用品,伪造御用药品以及误犯食禁。

7、不孝。指不孝祖父母、父母,或在守孝期间结婚、作乐等。

8、不睦。即谋杀某些亲属,或女子殴打、控告丈夫等。

9、不义。指官吏之间互相杀害,士卒杀长官,学生杀老师,女子闻丈夫死而不举哀或立即改嫁等。

10、内乱。亲属之间通奸或强奸等。

由于十恶之罪直接危害了封建专制制度的核心——君权、父权、神权和夫权,所以自隋唐确立十恶之罪以后,历代封建法典皆将之作为不赦之重罪。

历史上,文学作品中第一次出现十恶不赦这个词,是在元曲大家关汉卿《窦娥冤》第四折里:这药死公公的罪名,犯在十恶不赦。

  • 标签:“十恶不赦” 
  • Re:“十恶不赦”指哪些? | 2012-10-2 9:01:18
    章仁根阅而知之
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    原创 | 2016-9-6 18:43:46
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    Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-9-24 13:52:18
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    原创 | 2016-9-28 18:20:26
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    By:原创(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复
    Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-10 20:16:16
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    Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-11 3:13:19
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    Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-12 19:55:25
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    Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-17 6:45:58
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    Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-18 3:07:29
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    By:nqswa(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复
    Re:在漫画中识别身边的违章 | 2016-10-20 23:40:18
    iyaeh(游客)http://qiannao.com/file/heshengyule/55bf6115/
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    By:iyaeh(游客) | 个人主页 | 引用 | 返回 | 删除 | 回复
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