2012-1-10 15:48:00

全国人大拟将鼠标手与颈椎病等列入职业病目录

备受关注的《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改〈中华人民共和国职业病防治法〉的决定》(以下简称防治法)日前经全国人大常委会通过并开始实施。 “2011版防治法的突破比较多，其中最为关键的一环就是对职业病定义的修改，并将随之带来职业病目录的‘扩容’。诸如过劳死，长期视频作业导致的眼部损伤，职业性腰背痛、颈椎病、鼠标手等白领易患疾病都有望纳入职业病目录。”职业病防治法主要起草人之一、广东省职业病防治院院长黄汉林表示。 群体放大 定义修改几个字 病种增加 黄汉林表示，2011版防治法在职业病界定方面只是对原有字句进行了几个字的修改，比如在用人单位之前加了个“等”字，这就意味着职业病患病群体从原来限定于企、事业单位和个体经济组织这三类用人实体的劳动从业人员放大到了所有的用人单位。 “新版防治法还增加了其他有毒、有害因素引起的疾病列入职业病定义。也就是把原来必须解除粉尘、放射性、有毒药害物质引发的职业病，扩大到了非物质接触类因素导致的职业疾病纳入职业病范畴。”黄汉林表示，举个浅显的例子，以往因为劳动组织、管理因素和超负荷、超时间劳动因素引发的职工生病、死亡都不是职业病，而现在按照职业病的新定义，这些都是职业病了。 黄汉林坦言，与国际劳工组织公布的职业病病种比较起来，我国的职业病病种显得相对单一，职业病目录也相对狭小。新版本防治法的出台，对于中国职业病目录与国际接轨是非常有利的。 “以广东为例，全年广东发生职业病300-400例，但按照新版防治法规定和即将扩大的职业病目录，广东今年申请职业病鉴定的人数将在这个基础上翻N番。” 关注变化 白领高发的疾病 或进目录 黄汉林透露，随着职业病定义的变化带来了患病主体人群变大，一直以来备受广大白领阶层关注的办公室疾病也有望列入新的职业病目录。 “比如前面说过因为劳动管理组织因素使员工过度劳累产生的过劳死，再比如长期视频作业导致的眼部疲劳、损害。长期伏案工作导致的职业性腰背疼、颈椎病，长期敲击键盘产生的腱鞘炎等等系列白领高发疾病，都将有望纳入职业病目录。” 据悉，随着一些非物质的有毒、有害因素成为导致职业病的主要因素，一些诸如办公室环境、空气质量类因素引发的职业疾病，也可列入职业病范畴。比如办公室甲醛超标、刺激性光线、正电离子、臭氧等对员工身体造成的影响，都可列入职业病范畴。 再比如在医务领域中因接触传染病人而导致的职业暴露而存在的感染风险。老版防治法只限定了医务人员接触森林脑炎、布氏杆菌病、炭疽三类疾病算职业病，即便2003年非典时期的医务人员感染都不算。但在新版防治法实施后，医生因接触艾滋、乙肝等传染性疾病感染，也将随着新目录的出台而得以确定。

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