2011-12-31 13:42:00

泄漏物的控制设置

在危险物质泄漏事故中，泄漏物的控制对防止环境污染，保障现场安全，防止事故影响扩大都是至关重要的。泄漏物控制包括泄漏物的围堵、收容和洗消去污。该应急功能要求为： 　　1.对于数量巨大的每种危险物质准备一个清晰简洁的围堵、收容和洗消措施列表。 　　2.应明确可用的收容装备(泵、容器、吸附材料等)、洗消设备(包括喷雾洒水车辆)及洗消物资，应建立洗消物资供应企业的情况及通信名录。 　　3.在进行泄漏物控制措施策划及泄漏物控制过程中，要充分考虑应急人员的安全问题，保证应急人员所面临的危险最小。 　　4.对可能发生泄漏的特定地区，可采用利用该地区的地形来实施泄漏物的围堵。必要时，采取泡沫覆盖方法以降低泄漏物的蒸发，或采用喷雾方法降低有毒有害气体的浓度。 　　5.应及时开启洗消站，对受污染需要处理的人员、装备、物资器材进行消毒。 　　在泄漏物控制过程中，始终应坚持“救人第一”的指导思想，积极抢救事故区受伤人员，疏散受威胁的周围人员至安全地点，将受伤人员送往医疗机构。泄漏物的控制一般程序如下： 　　1.到达现场后进行事故区的侦察，快速查明事故的性质、人员的伤亡情况，受威胁的人员数量，爆炸品、有毒物质的性质、数量，泄漏形成和速度，爆炸危险、危害程度，抢救人员的办法及进攻路线; 　　2.采取防毒、防爆、防扩散的措施，处置有利及不利的条件; 　　3.切断泄漏源，排除险情，在无法切断的情况下，要采取防止扩散、爆炸措施减轻对人员的危害程度; 　　4.掩护、协助抢修人员进行抢修工作; 　　5.事故处置完毕后，对有危害的物质进行洗消，彻底消除危险。 　　应急总指挥在处置过程中要始终掌握事故现场的情况，及时调整力量，组织轮换;在可能发生重大突变情况时，应急总指挥要果断作出强攻或转移撤离的决定，以避免更大的伤亡和损失。

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