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电镀(装挂)工职业健康知识 | 2012-9-12 7:49:00
一、职业危害告知:
1、电镀过程中使用到的酸、碱、有毒有害、等物质门类众多,可以通过呼吸、皮肤侵入等多种途径对人体造成危害:
2、例如接触盐酸蒸气或烟雾,可引起急性中毒,出现眼结膜炎,鼻及口腔粘膜有烧灼感,鼻衄、齿龈出血,气管炎等。误服可引起消化道灼伤、溃疡形成,有可能引起胃穿孔、腹膜炎等。眼和皮肤接触可致灼伤。慢性影响:长期接触,引起慢性鼻炎、慢性支气管炎、牙齿酸蚀症及皮肤损害;
3、例如氢氧化钠具有强烈刺激和腐蚀性。粉尘刺激眼和呼吸道,腐蚀鼻中隔;皮肤和眼直接接触可引起灼伤;误服可造成消化道灼伤,粘膜糜烂、出血和休克;
4、例如铬酸酐(三氧化铬)引起的急性中毒:吸入后可引起急性呼吸道刺激症状、鼻出血、声音嘶哑、鼻粘膜萎缩,有时出现哮喘和紫绀。重者可发生化学性肺炎。口服可刺激和腐蚀消化道,引起恶心、呕吐、腹痛、血便等;重者出现呼吸困难、紫绀、休克、肝损害及急性肾功能衰竭等。慢性影响:有接触性皮炎、铬溃疡、鼻炎、鼻中隔穿孔及呼吸道炎症等;
5、例如甲醛对粘膜、上呼吸道、眼睛和皮肤有强烈刺激性。接触其蒸气,引起结膜炎、角膜炎、鼻炎、支气管炎;重者发生喉痉挛、声门水肿和肺炎等。肺水肿较少见。对皮肤有原发性刺激和致敏作用,可致皮炎;浓溶液可引起皮肤凝固性坏死。口服灼伤口腔和消化道,可发生胃肠道穿孔,休克,肾和肝脏损害。慢性影响:长期接触低浓度甲醛可有轻度眼、鼻、咽喉刺激症状,皮肤干燥、皲裂、甲软化等。
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6、强酸强碱或有毒材料调配时须2人以上操作,并严格遵守工艺规程以防意外事故发生;7、在工作场所,严禁饮食吸烟、说笑、打闹嬉戏。工作结束后应用消毒液洗手或洗澡。未经消毒处理的个人防护用品不准带到其他场所;8、遵守电镀工安全技术操作规程; 9、按时、按要求进行体检。




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